Factoring · Circuits
Modular exponentiation
Theorem statement
Let $m,n\geq0$, $1\leq N\leq2^n$, and $0\leq a<N$
be integers with $\gcd(a,N)=1$.
There exists a reversible quantum circuit
on $m+3n$ qubits, using at most $2n$ ancilla qubits,
$24mn\left((3744n+624)\lceil\log_2(n+1)\rceil+160n+65\right)+3n$ Toffoli gates, $24mn^2\left(39\lceil\log_2(n+1)\rceil+2\right)+n$ CNOT gates, and $2$ single-qubit gates,
whose action on computational basis states satisfies
$$
U_{N,a}\ket{z}\ket{y}
=\ket{z}\ket{y\oplus(a^z\bmod N)}
$$
for every $z<2^m$ and $y<2^n$.
Sources
- Quantum Networks for Elementary Arithmetic Operations
Vlatko Vedral, Adriano Barenco, Artur Ekert, 1995
- Factoring with n+2 clean qubits and n-1 dirty qubits
Craig Gidney, 2017
- Factoring using 2n+2 qubits with Toffoli based modular multiplication
Thomas Häner, Martin Roetteler, Krysta M. Svore, 2016
Lean context
- Lean declaration
QuantumAlg.MAU.Exponentiation.Gidney.main
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