Hidden subgroup ยท Algorithms

Finite-cyclic discrete logarithms

Theorem statement

Suppose $G=\langle g\rangle$ is a finite cyclic group of known order $N$, and an element $x\in G$ satisfies $x=g^r$ for a unique $r\in\{0,\ldots,N-1\}$. Let $n = \lceil\log_2 N\rceil$. Given access to an oracle $U_x$ such that $U_x\ket{a,b,y}=\ket{a,b,y\,g^a x^{-b}}$, there exists a quantum algorithm that outputs $r$ with success probability at least $2/3$, using one query to $U_x$, $3n$ qubits, $2n$ Hadamard gates, $n(n-1)$ controlled-phase gates, $2\lfloor n/2\rfloor$ SWAP gates, maximal circuit depth $1+2n+n(n-1)+2\lfloor n/2\rfloor$, and $7$ classical arithmetic operations.
$$G$$
Finite cyclic group.
$$g$$
Generator of the finite cyclic group.
$$N$$
Known group order.
$$n$$
Register width, defined as the ceiling of log_2 N.
$$x$$
Group element whose discrete logarithm is recovered.
$$r$$
Discrete logarithm exponent.
$$U_x$$
Discrete-log oracle.
$$a$$
First exponent-register basis value.
$$b$$
Second exponent-register basis value.
$$y$$
Group-register basis value.

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